Fig. 2.

Phylogenetic relationships of strains from the L. donovani complex from (A) microsatellite and (B) SNP data. Midpoint-rooted neighbour-joining trees constructed for 33 L. donovani complex strains with MEGA using: (A) microsatellite data for K = 3 geographical populations called InNp (grey containing Indian – denoted BHU – as well as Nepalese strains named BPK), KeSdEtLk (dark grey, L. donovani from Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia and Sri Lanka) and L. infantum (pale grey from China and France) – notably, BPK026/0cl5 and BPK031/0cl12 cluster in the InNp group for microsatellites; and (B) SNP data for K = 4 populations denoted In/Np 1 (yellow), 2 (blue) and 3 (green), which were composed of strains from India and Nepal; and Inf/Afr/Div (mauve), which represented Kenyan, Sudanese, Ethiopian, Sri Lankan, Chinese and French L. donovani complex strains in addition to two Nepalese samples (BPK026/0cl5 and BPK031/0cl12). Populations were determined using structure for both marker types. In vitro responses to SSG are shown as resistant (red) or sensitive (blue). Bootstrap values were determined for 10⁴ (SNPs) or 10³ (microsatellites) replicates – only those with more than 87% confidence are shown at each node. Branch lengths are proportional to the genetic distance.