Figure 3. Establishment and infection of clonal parasites.

(A) Establishment of clonal parasites. Snails were infected with single miracidia. Then cercariae from snails were paired to infect rabbits and adult worms from each rabbit were genotyped. One pair showed only 2 alleles (i.e. Sj29-4/Sj29-4 homozygous female worms and Sj29-2/Sj29-4 heterozygous male worms). This clonal parasite of S. japonicum was designated Sj6M8. Eggs from this line were collected to establish clonal parasites. (B) Comparasion of the distribution of homozygotes and heterozygotes in Sj29-4 immunized and control groups infected with clonal parasites. N: the number of sequenced survival worms.