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Deterioration of CHF ≥ 3 days with symptoms of increasing dyspnoea, orthopnoea, weight gain ≥ 2 kg, debuting peripheral oedema or abdominal swelling |
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Signs of fluid retention or myocardial dysfunction, such as extended jugular vein, leg oedema, tachypnoea, pulmonary crackles, ascites and third heart sound |
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At least one symptom and one sign should be present |
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New York Heart Association class II - IV |
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Systolic heart failure was defined as: |
Ejection fraction ≦ 45%. |
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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was defined as: |
Ejection fraction > 45% and signs of diastolic dysfunction: |
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One of the following criteria should be fulfilled: |
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- Posterior wall thickness + interventricular septum thickness/2 > 1.3 cm. |
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- Enlarged left atrium (female > 42 mm, male > 46 mm) in absence of atrial fibrillation. |