Table 6.
Markers of cellular biochemistry: oxidative damage and antioxidants and detoxification
| Baseline | Postprogram | Difference | t Value (df = 29) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxidative damage and antioxidants | ||||
| p-Hydroxyphenyllactate (µg/mg creatinine) | 0.4 ± 0.36 | 0.4 ± 0.33 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
| 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (ng/mg creatinine) | 3.3 ± 1.31 | 3.8 ± 1.14 | 0.5 | 2.53⁎ |
| Detoxification markers | ||||
| 2-Methylhippurate (µg/mg creatinine) | 0.0 ± 0.11 | 0.0 ± 0.01 | 0.0 | 1.07 |
| Orotate (µg/mg creatinine) | 0.5 ± 0.20 | 0.6 ± 0.27 | 0.1 | 4.23⁎ |
| Glucarate (µg/mg creatinine) | 5.2 ± 1.23 | 5.7 ± 1.21 | 0.5 | 1.89 |
| α-Hydroxybutyrate (µg/mg creatinine) | 0.8 ± 0.78 | 0.9 ± 1.03 | 0.1 | 0.28 |
| Pyroglutamate (µg/mg creatinine) | 61.1 ± 33.06 | 29.7 ± 10.15 | −31.4 | 5.00⁎ |
| Sulfate (µg/mg creatinine) | 231.4 ± 72.22 | 238.0 ± 69.40 | 6.6 | 0.47 |
⁎
P < .05.