FIG. 2.

Dexra prevented DXR-induced DNA damage and H2AFX activation. A, B) Pretreating KK-15 cells for 1 h with indicated Dexra doses (vs. DMSO carrier for control and DXR-alone treatments) along with its continued presence in the culture media prevented DNA damage caused by 3-h 500 nM (A) or 50 nM (B) DXR treatment, as measured by the NCA. Bar graph summarizes OM quantification (n = 4, ***P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA). Original magnification ×200. C, D) Western blots of lysates from cells treated with 500 nM (C, n = 5) or 50 nM (D, n = 3) with and without 1-h pretreatment and continued incubation with the indicated Dexra doses (or DMSO for control and DXR-only samples) were probed with anti-phospho γH2AFX and anti-β actin. Dexra attenuated γH2AFX phosphorylation at both DXR doses.