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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 30.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2011 Jul 13;475(7355):231–234. doi: 10.1038/nature10167

Figure 3. PL enhances ROS accumulation in cancer cells by targeting the stress response to ROS.

Figure 3

a, PL-mediated modulation of GSH and GSSG. GSH levels were determined after EJ cells were treated with PL or pretreated with NAC for 1 h, followed by PL treatment for 1 h or 3 h. GSSG levels were also determined after EJ cells and 76N cells were treated with PL for 3 hr. b, PL-induced ROS elevation and reversion by NAC. EJ cells were treated with PL (10 μM), paclitaxel (25 nM), or DMSO (basal) for 1 h and 3 h, and also pretreated with 3 mM NAC for 1 h, followed by 10 μM PL for 3 h. c, Reversion of PL-induced ROS accumulation by catalase. EJ or U2OS cells were pretreated with catalase (CAT, 2,000U/ml) for 2 hr, followed by 10 μM PL for 3 h. Comparisons of ROS induced by PL and CAT+PL were also shown by quantitative bar graph. d, PL-induced cell death can be rescued by NAC. EJ cells were treated with PL for 24 h, or treated with 3 mM NAC for 1 h and followed by the treatment of PL or paclitaxel for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion staining assay. Values in quantitative bar graphs are mean ± SD of three independent experiments.