The directional transcription is indicated with arrows. Protein-coding and ribosomal genes are shown in white with standard abbreviations. tRNA genes are abbreviated by a single letter with dark gray except the 2 serine and 2 leucine tRNAs: S1 = AGN, S2 = UCN, L1 = CUN, and L2 = UUR. The non-coding regions >50 bp are indicated in black. IR, an identical region in mt chromosome I and mt chromosome II. The four pseudogenes and their corresponding position in the putatively functional genes are indicated by the number I, II, III, and IV. The cut sites of restriction enzymes used for verification of the multipartite mitochondrial genome, NdeI, XbaI, NdeI, and ApaI are shown. Arrows and gray curves indicate primers and PCR fragment, respectively. See Table 1 for PCR primers. The figures are approximately to scale.