Table 4.

Reduction in coefficients for friends' parenting on Grade 10 substance use as a result of controlling for level of Grade 9 friendship-group substance use

	10th-grade substance use outcome
Variable	Alcohol use			Drunkenness			Cigarette use			Marijuana use
	M1	M2	%	M1	M2	%	M1	M2	%	M1	M2	%
Grade 9 friend use	–	−0.67***		–	1.00***		–	0.54***		–	0.66***
Parent: Group level				–
Knowledge	−0.51***	−0.11	78%	−0.90***	−0.37§	58%	−0.80***	−0.48*	40%	−0.96***	−0.66***	31%
Inductive	0.06	0.03	50%	0.25§	0.20	20%	0.16	0.21	−31%	0.22	0.24	−9%
Inconsistent	0.27*	0.12	55%	0.28§	0.09	67%	0.60***	0.40*	33%	0.62***	0.53***	14%

Notes: Values refer to logistic regression coefficients predicting 10th-grade substance use. M1 = series of models that include effects of group-level parenting (with covariates, not shown); M2 = series of models that include additional control for aggregate levels of ninth-grade friendship group's substance use; % = percentage reduction in the logistic regression coefficient of the group-level parenting behavior between M1 and M2. Knowledge, inductive, and inconsistent refer to group-level effect of parental knowledge, inductive reasoning, and inconsistent discipline, respectively.

^§p < .10;

^*p < .05;

^***p < .001.