Table 2.

Human studies on selenoprotein molecular biomarkers

Study	Baseline daily Se intake (μg) Mean ± SD	Baseline plasma Se level (ng/ml) Mean ± SD	Selenoprotein gene expression in WBC
UK, SELGEN study, n = 39, both sexes, 6 week. Se intervention (Pagmantidis et al. 2008)	Not presented	93.9 ± 1.7	Lymphocyte Up-regulation: SPS1—1.15 (1.06–1.23) SelK—1.11 (1.04–1.19) Sep15—1.11 (1.02–1.20)
Denmark, n = 20, 18–40 years. old men, 1 week Se intervention (Ravn-Haren et al. 2008a)	49.8 ± 13.6	113.2 ± 12.2	Leukocyte No effect: GPx1, TrxR1 SePP1
Denmark, PRECISE pilot study, n = 105, both sexes, up to 5 years. Se intervention (Ravn-Haren et al. 2008b)	49.8 ± 13.6	93 ± 11.2	Leukocyte No effect: GPx1
UK, n = 39, both sexes, 28 week. Se intervention (Sunde et al. 2008)	48 ± 14	89.2 ± 12.5	Whole blood No effect and no association between Se status and GPx1, GPx3, GPx4, SePP1, SepW, SepH
Poland, n = 47 healthy men (Reszka et al. 2009)	24.2 ± 17.4 (unpublished data)	54.3 ± 14.6	Leukocyte No association between Se status and GPx1, GPx3, SePP1, Sep15