Table 2.

Inflammatory cytokines.

	Induction	Synthesis	Effects
TNF-α	hemorrhage, hypoxia,	macrophages, monocytes,	primary, proinflammatory cytokine
	ischemia, endotoxine	T-lymphocytes	IL-1β and IL-6 expression
			activation of coagulation
			prostaglandine E2, steroid release
IL-1β	hemorrhage, hypoxia,	macrophages, monocytes,	primary, pro-inflammatory cytokine
	ischemia, endotoxine	endothelial cells	Synergistic effects with TNF-α
	C5a, TNF-α
IL-6	LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α	T-/B-lymphocytes,	Secondary, pro-inflammatory cytokine
		monocytes, endothelial cells	induction of acute phase proteins (e.g., CRP, PCT)
			differentiation of lymphocytes
			activation of von NK-cells and neutrophils
			anti-inflammatory effect (IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓)
IL-8	IL-1β, TNF-α, bacteria,	T-lymphocytes, monocytes,	Secondary, pro-inflammatory cytokine
	LPS, hypoxia	neutrophils, endothelial cells	chemotactic effect on leukocytes
IL-10	TNF-α, IL-1β, endotoxine,	T-/B-lymphocytes,	anti-inflammatory cytokine
	LPS, prostaglandine E2	monocytes, macrophages