Table 1.

Patients with brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma documented in the literature.

Author (year) study period (Ref.)	No. of patients BM/EC	Age at BM	Stage (FIGO) of EC	Grade of EC	Hist of EC	Primary therapy for EC	Adj. therapy for EC	Interval EC to BM (mon.)	Other MTS	No. of BM	Site of BM	Therapy for BM	Survival after BM (mon.)
Salibi and Beltaos (1972) [25]	1	63	NA	NA	AC	HSO	NR	6	No	Single	Supra	S	AW 18
Nakano and Schoene (1975) [19]	1	77	NA	NA	CC	HSO	RT	26	Yes	Single	Supra	S + RT	D 4
Turner and Graf (1982) [26]	1	83	NA	G3	AC	HSO	NR	NA	NA	Single	Supra	S	D 1
Aalders et al. (1984) 1960–1976 [24]	11/3,393	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	8 No	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA	11 NA
	(0.3%)								3 Yes
Ritchie et al. (1985) [27]	1	61	IIIc	NA	AC	HSO	RT	NA	Yes	Mul.	Supra	NA	D 4
Savage et al. (1987) [28]	1	70	I	G1	AC	HSO	RT	0	Yes	Single	Supra	RT	D 14
Sawada et al. (1990) [29]	1	43	IIIc	G3	AC	HSOL	RT	2	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AW 84
Brezinka et al. (1990) [21]	1	59	Ic	G2	AC	HSO	No	2	Yes	Single	Supra	S	D 1
Kottke-Marchant (1991) 1980–1988 [30]	3	59	IIIc	G3	CC	HSO	C	− 3	Yes	Single	Supra	S + RT	D 37
		43	IIIa	G3	AC	HSO	No	0	No	Mult.	Both	S	D 1
		46	IIIa	G3	AC	HSO	C	−2.5	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AW 9
De Porre and Tjokrowardojo (1992) 1965–1988 [31]	11/2,293	67	11 NA	11G3	1AS	HSOL	RT	8	1 No	Single	Supra	S	D 14
	(0.48%)				10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA	10 NA
Thomas and Lambert (1992) [32]	1	51	I	NA	AC	HSO	RT	24	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AW84
Wronski et al. (1993) [33]	2	70	NA	NA	AC	HSO	RT + C	22	Yes	Mult.	Infra	S + RT	D 5.5
		60	NA	NA	AC	HSO	RT	88	Yes	Mult.	Both	RT	D 2
Ruelle et al. (1994) [34]	2	64	NA	G3	AC	HSO	RT + C	14	Yes	Single	Infra	S + RT	D 9
		63	I	G3	AC	HSO	RT	−0.25	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AD 24
De Witte et al. (1996) [35]	2	67	0	NA	AC	HSO	No	24	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	D 60
		40	IIIc	G3	AS	HSOL	C	-UK	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	NA
Cormio et al. (1996) 1982–1994 [36]	10/1,069 (0.9%)	59 (47–71)	3 Ib 2 Ic	6 G3	8 AC	5 HSO	8 RT 2 C	26 (3–81)	4 yes	6 Single	7 Supra	1 S	1 (1–83)
				4 NA	1 AS	4 HSOL			6 no	4 mult.	2 Both	2 S + RT
			2 IIIa		1 CC	1 NA					1 Infra	1 RT 6 Steroids
			1 IIIc
			2 IV
Salvati et al. (1998) [37]	2	48	Ia	G3	AC	HSO	RT	10	No	Single	Supra	S + RT + C	D 20
		54	Ia	G3	AC	HSO	RT	26	No	Single	Supra	S + RT + C	D 74
Martínez-Mañas et al. (1998) [38]	1	76	IIb	NR	AC	HSO	RT	18	No	Single	NA	S	D 8
Ogawa et al. (1999) [39]	2	43	IIb	G2	AC	HSOL	RT	36	Yes	Mult.	Supra	RT	D 5
		64	IIb	G3	AC	HSOL	RT	18	Yes	Mult.	Both	RT	D 3
Crispino et al. (2000) [40]	1	57	Ic	G3	NA	HSOL	RT	12	No	Single	Infra	S + RT	D 3
Mahmoud-Ahmed et al. (2001) 1985–1999 [41]	10a	51 (48–80)	1 IIa	10 NA	7 AC	2 HSOL	2 RT	8 (0.25–70)	7 yes	3 Single	8 Supra	5 RT	3.25
			1 IIIa		3AS	4HSO	4  RT + C		3 no	7 Mult.	1 Both	2 S	(0.25–15.5)
			2 IIIb			4  RT + C	4 No	2-UK			1 Infra	3 S + RT
			2 IIIc
			4 IV
Petru et al. (2001) [42]	2	59	IVa	G3	AC	HSO	C	-UK	No	Single	Supra	SRS	AW 171
		60	IIIc	G3	SC	HSO	C	-UK	No	Single	Infra	SRS	D 15
Sewak et al. (2002) [43]	1	63	Ib	G3	AC	HSOL	RT	48+	Yes	Single	Infra	S + RT	D 6
Shiohara et al. (2003) [44]	1	48	IIIa	G3	AS	HSOL	No	0	No	Single	Supra	S + SRS + C	AW 38
Elliot et al. (2004) [45]	1	51	IIb	G3	AC	HSOL	RT	2	No	Single	Supra	S + RT + C	AW 30
Gien et al. (2004) 1991–2003 [46]	8/1,295 (0.6%)	67.5	2IIb	3 G2	4 AC	3 HSO	5 RT	8.5 (0–40)	6 yes	4 Single	4 Supra	6 RT	3.5
		(48–82)	4IIIc	5 G3	2SC	3HSOL	2 C		2 no	4 Multi.	2 Both	1 C + RT	(0.25−7+)
			2IVb		1CC	1 RT	1 NA				2 Infra	1 Steroids
					1AS	1 R + C
Salvati et al. (2004) [47]	2	62	Ia	G2	AC	HSO	RT	48	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AW 9
		51	IIIc	G3	AC	HSO	RT + C	−0.5	Yes	Single	Supra	S + RT + C	D 34
Lee et al. (2006) [48]	1	54	Ib	G3	AC	HSOL	RT	108	No	Mult.	Supra	RT	D 0.25
Llaneza-Coto et al. (2006) [49]	1	43	IIa	G3	AC	No	No	0	No	Single	Supra	S	D 1
Orrù et al. (2007) 1999–2005 [50]	3b	61	IIIc	G3	AC	HSO	C + RT	17	No	Mult.	Supra	S + RT	AW 64
		60	IIIa	G3	AC	HSO	No	6	No	Single	Supra	RT	D 4
		49	IIIb	G3	AC	HSO	RT	10	No	Single	Supra	S + RT	AW 16
Sohaib et al. (2007) [16]	1/86c (1.16)	NA	NA	NA	AC	HSO	NA	NA	No	Single	NA	NA	NA
Chura et al. (2007) 1995–2006 [51]	20/2,063 (0.97%)	64 (49–78)	1 Ia	3 G1	11 AC	14 HSOL	5 RT	11.5 (0.6–73.6)	16	8 Single	NA	7 RT	2 (0.1–39.2)
			2 Ib	6 G2	3 CS	2 HSO	7C		Yes	12 Mult.		4 RT + C
			4 IIIa	11 G3	2 AS	4 No	2 RT + C		4 No			1 S + RT
			4 IIIc		1 SC		6 No					1 RT + SRS
			9 IVb		3 UD							3S + RT + C
												4 No
Ramirez et al. (2008) [52]	1	61	IIb	G3	AC	HSO	RT	12	No	Mult.	Infra	RT	D 17
Monaco et al. (2008) [53]	6	60.4	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 NA	6 SRS	5 (0.2–25)
Al-Mujaini et al. (2008) [54]	1	69	NA	NA	AC	HSO	RT	84	Yes	Mult.	Supra	NA	NA
Forster et al. (2011) [55]	1	58	I	NA	AC	HSO	RT	108	Yes	Mult.	Supra	Olaparibd	D18
Total	115												5 (0.1–171)

AC: adenocarcinoma; Adj: adjuvant; AD: alive with disease; AS: adenosquamous carcinoma; AW: alive and well; BM: brain metastases; C: chemotherapy; CC: clear-cell carcinoma; CS: carcinosarcoma; D: dead of disease; EC: endometrial carcinoma; Hist: histology; Infra: infratentorial (cerebellum); HSO: total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; HSOL: HSO and lymph node dissection; mon: months; MTS: metastases; Mult: multiple; NA: not available; S: surgery (craniotomy); SC: serous carcinoma; SRS: stereotactic radiosurgery; Supra: supratentorial (cerebrum); UD: undifferentiated, -UK: brain metastases detected at unknown time before the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.

^a Endometrial carcinoma was the source of brain metastases in 10 (0.7%) of 1,391 patients with brain metastases.

^bEndometrial carcinoma was the source of brain metastases in 3 (0.9%) of 348 patients with brain metastases.

^c Patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma following primary surgery.

^d Oral poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1 inhibitor.