Table 1. Publications implicating or not implicating each reviewed abnormality in ASD.
| Abnormality | Total publications identified | Number (%) published in last 5 years | Number (%) implicating abnormality in ASD | Number (%) not implicating abnormality in ASD | Clinical studies reporting an association/ no association | Review or hypothesis reporting an association/ no association | Animal models reporting an association/ no association | Rett syndrome studies reporting an association/ no association | Treatment studies reporting an association/ no association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immune dysregulation or inflammation | 437a | 251/437 (57%) | 416 (95%) | 21 (5%) | 231/21 | 111/0 | 34/0 | 19/0 | 21/0 |
| Oxidative stress | 115 | 84/115 (73%) | 115 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 51/0 | 41/0 | 6/0 | 10/0 | 7/0 |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | 153 | 80/153 (52%) | 145 (95%) | 8 (5%) | 63/8 | 22/0 | 11/0 | 49/0 | 0/0 |
| Environmental toxicant exposures | 190b | 137/190 (72%) | 170 (89%) | 20 (11%) | 71/19 | 67/1 | 26/0 | 0/0 | 6/0 |
| Total | 895 | 552/895 (62%) | 846 (95%) | 49 (5%) | 416/48 | 241/1 | 77/0 | 78/0 | 34/0 |
Abbreviation: ASD, autism spectrum disorder.
a
Excluding 95 publications concerning a possible association between vaccines and immune dysregulation in ASD.
b
Excluding 47 publications concerning a possible association between thimerosal and ASD.