Figure 1.

Proteomic profiling strategy to evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes on skeletal muscle tissues. Shown is a flowchart of the proteomic workflow to identify new protein factors involved in the molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance, abnormal cellular signaling, and contractile weakness in diabetic skeletal muscle tissues. Listed are the various analytical steps of mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of muscle samples, such as sample preparation, protein extraction, gel electrophoretic separation, densitometric scanning, mass spectrometric identification of novel biomarkers, and the independent validation of proteomic data by immunoblotting, enzyme assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy.