Table 1.
List of major proteomic profiling studies of skeletal muscle tissues from prediabetic and diabetic patients or animal models of type 2 diabetes.
| Proteomic study | New potential biomarkers | References |
|---|---|---|
| Proteomic analysis of human vastus lateralis muscle from type 2 diabetic subjects | Select number of potential markers of diabetes; abnormal phosphorylation of ATP synthase; elevated levels of stress proteins | [77, 78] |
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| ||
| Proteomic profiling of skeletal muscle biopsy material from patients suffering from type 2 diabetes | Establishment of a large number of muscle-associated signature molecules of type 2 diabetes; changed abundance in various mitochondrial proteins; abnormal phosphorylation of ATP synthase beta-subunit | [79–81] |
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| ||
| Proteomic profiling of rectus abdominus tissue from obese and morbidly obese women with potential prediabetic side effects | Increased levels of key glycolytic enzymes suggests an obesity-related compensatory glycolytic shift in muscle metabolism | [87] |
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| ||
| Proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle from the nonobese Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes | Changes in muscle proteins associated with the contractile apparatus, the antioxidant defense system, detoxification mechanisms, the cellular stress response, glucose metabolism, fatty acid utilization, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism | [82, 83] |
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| ||
| Subproteomic survey of the muscle mitochondria-enriched fraction from the non-obese Goto-Kakizaki rat model of type 2 diabetes | Differential expression of various mitochondrial marker proteins agrees with the idea that mitochondrial dysregulation plays a role in type 2 diabetes | [84] |
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| Comparative proteomic study of fenofibrate-dependent protein expression in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic OLETF rats | Increased levels of the functionally unknown muscle protein C11orf59 in a fenofibrate-dependent manner in diabetic rat muscle | [85] |
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| ||
| Proteomic analysis of obese and potentially prediabetic animal models | Generally perturbed protein expression levels in obese muscles, affecting especially metabolic enzymes | [88–92] |