Table 1.

Mortality incidence in pediatric patients who underwent anesthesia between 1961 and 2000.

Investigators and Year of Publication	Time Period and Data Source	Number of Patients and Time of Death	Age	Mortality Incidence per 10,000 Anesthetics
				Perioperative	Anesthesia-related
Rackow et al.(1961) (15)	1947-1956Teaching hospitalUSA	34,499Deaths in OR and PACU	≤12 y	4.9	2.9
Keenan & Boyan(1985) (16)	1969-1983Teaching hospitalUSA	12,712Deaths within 8 days	≤11 y	NR	1.57
Tiret et al.(1988) (9)	1978-1982Group of 440 hospitalsFrance	40,240Deaths within 24 h	≤14 y	NR	0.2
Cohen et al.(1990) (21)	1982-1987Teaching hospitalCanada	29,220Deaths in OR and PACU	≤16 y<1 mo1-12 mo1-5 y6-10 y11-16 y	3.883.17.93.01.41.8	NR
Aubas et al.(1991) (17)	1983-1987Teaching hospitalFrance	16,207Deaths in OR and PACU	≤14 y0-4 y5-14 y	NR	1.232.30
Conceição & Costa(1995) (12)	1980-1993Teaching hospitalBrazil	30,028Deaths within 24 h	≤12 y	0.33	NR
Cicarelli et al.(1998) (13)	1995Teaching hospitalBrazil	7,392Deaths within 24 h	≤12 y	5.4	NR
Morray et al.(2000) (10)	1994-1997Group of hospitalsUSA, Canada	1,089,200 (estimated)Deaths in OR and PACU	≤18 y	NR	0.36

OR = operating room; PACU = postanesthesia care unit; NR = not reported.