Table-3:
A comprehensive review of different mechanisms proposed for the increased incidence of IAs in CoA patients
| Author/Year | No. of Patients | IA location/No. | HTN at the time IA diagnosed | Associated features | Proposed Mechanism(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbot (1928) [1] | 6 | ACA, AcomA, VA, PcomA, MCA | Yes | Reported one case of his own (MCA), rest 5 cases collected from literature | Congenital IA |
| Laitinen et al (1960) [62] | 1 | Pericallosal/Callosomarginal | Yes | Oxycephalic deformity of skull | Possible developmental errors |
| Patel et al (1971) [78] | 7 | ICA, AcomA(3), ACA(3), PcomA, BA | Yes | Only pediatric population (<19 yrs) reviewed, 12% had CoA coexisting with IAs | HTN |
| Banna et al (1971) [9] | 1 | PCA | NA | Source of SAH was dilated spinal collaterals | Medial hypoplasia of arteries of CoW + HTN |
| Stehbens (1989) [92] | Review article | HTN | |||
| Orsi et al. (1993) [75] | 1 | MCA, ICA | NA | - | HTN |
| Schievink et al (1996) [87] | 1 | MCA | No | - | Development errors of Neural Crest leading to defective collagen and elastin formation |
| Ishii et al (2001) [50] | 1 | AcomA | Yes | Coarctation of abdominal aorta | HTN |
| Ahmetoglu et al (2002) [3] | 1 | B/L MCA | Yes | Coarctation of abdominal aorta | HTN ± hemodynamic shear stress |
| Mercado et al. (2002)[70] | 3 | ICA, PcomA(2), PeriA | Yes | Provided a comprehensive review of the distinct clinical behavior of IAs in presence of CoA | Development errors of Neural Crest |
| Connolley et al (2003) [15] | 10 | ICA, MCA, PICA, PCA, PcomA, AChoA, BA tip | Yes (in 7 out of 10 patients) | Found 10% incidence of IAs in patients with CoA, no Development errors of Neural Crest significant difference in BP of patients with and without IAs | |
| Cowan et al (2004) [17] | 1 | PcomA | No | Coexisting Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia), progression of infundibulum to PcomA Aneurysm | Developmental defects |
| Harikrishnan (2005) [39] | 1 | BA, VA | Yes | CoA of Descending aorta, coronary artery aneurysms | Atherosclerosis |
| Hudaoglu et al (2006) [48] | 1 | PcomA | No | Raised strong suspicions about HTN alone being a factor for the increased incidence of IA in CoA | Development errors of Neural Crest |
| Kan et al (2007) [53] | 1 | ICA | NA | Fusiform aneurysm associated with PHACES syndrome, positive family history of IAs | Development errors of Neural Crest |
| Singh et al (2009) (Present study) | 1 | ICA, MCA, PeriA | No | Measured the CBF in CoA patient and proposed WSS as an important factor in the formation of IAs in these patients | Hemodynamic WSS |
NB: PHACES syndrome; posterior fossa malformations, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, CoA, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities and sterna defects, NA; not available, B/L; bilateral, CoW; circle of Willis, BP; blood pressure, PeriA; pericallosal artery, AChoA; anterior choroidal artery, PCA; posterior cerebral artery, BA; basilar artery, VA; vertebral artery, PICA; posterior inferior cerebeller artery, HTN; Hypertension, MCA,ICA & ACA; middle, internal & anterior cerebral arteries.