Figure 3.

ATP oscillations depend on both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. (a) Treatment effect of 2-DG or oligomycin on P_ACTIN-PxRe oscillations. (b) Metabolite analysis shows the mean log ratio of concentration of metabolites involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle in the peaks relative to the troughs of P_ACTIN-PxRe oscillations. Data represent the combined results from three independent experiments performed with two samples. (n=3, paired t test, ^*P<0.05). 1,3BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; 1,3BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; G1P, glucose 1-phosphate; G6P, glucose 6-phosphate; F1,6BP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F6P, fructose 6-phosphate; 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate. (c) Simultaneous monitoring of P_ACTIN-PxRe activity (red line) and P_ACTIN-ReBl activity (blue line) from 60 to 72 h after chondrogenic induction. The data were detrended by subtracting the 6 h running average from the raw data