Table 2. Lifetime prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in PG, in a comparison between the general population (e11) and a clinical sample (14).
Comorbid mental disorders | Lifetime prevalence | |
7 | Pathological gamblers in the general population*1 (2011; n = 15 023) (e11) | Pathological gamblers in inpatient treatment*2 (2008; n = 101) (14) |
Affective disorders | 63.1% | 61.4% |
Anxiety disorders | 37.1% | 57.4% |
Personality disorders | 35.2% | 27.7% |
Tobacco-related disorders | 78.2% | 86.1% |
Alcohol-related disorders | 54.9% (abuse and dependency) | 23.8% (abuse) 31.7% (dependency) |
Substance-related disorders (excl. tobacco) | 44.3% (dependency only) | 60,4% (abuse and dependency) |
*1Data on gambling behavior in the general population were collected by means of telephone interviews. If the criteria for problematic or pathological gambling were met, in-depth clinical interviews (confirming comorbidities by means of M-CIDI and Skid II) were conducted.
*2In pathological gamblers receiving treatment, comorbid mental disorders were ascertained by means of standardized interviews (DIA-X, IPDE). PG, pathological gambling