Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants
| |
Mean (SD) CES-D score |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | <16 | ≥16 | P value |
| Sample (n) | 11 | 12 | |
| Age (years) | 53.9 (9.6) | 51.8 (4.9) | 0.858 |
| Diabetes' duration (years) | 11.2 (9.2) | 11.6 (6.3) | 0.914 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 38.46 (8.58) | 38.53 (10.68) | 0.986 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.9 (2.4) | 8.0 (1.8) | 0.291 |
| CES-D | 7.2 (4.2) | 27.0 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| State Anxiety | 28.0 (9.1) | 47.3 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Trait Anxiety | 27.5 (4.7) | 48.7 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| State Anger | 15.0 (0) | 20.3 (7.6) | 0.030 |
| Trait Anger | 15.4 (5.7) | 18.0 (5.5) | 0.203 |
| Quality of Life | 23.3 (4.7) | 19.1 (5.0) | 0.054 |
| Health Subscale | 22.0 (4.9) | 17.8 (6.3) | 0.092 |
| Social & Economic Subscale | 23.6 (5.6) | 19.8 (4.6) | 0.087 |
| Psychological Subscale | 24.9 (5.0) | 19.1 (7.7) | 0.044 |
| Family Subscale | 23.7 (6.3) | 22.4 (4.5) | 0.593 |
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.