Table 5.
Adjusted Effect of Baseline Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Baseline Myopia on the 1-Year Progression of Myopia (in diopters) by Treatment Group
| Characteristic | Main Effect P* | Treatment Group† Mean ± SE (n) |
Interaction P‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SVLs | PALs | |||
| Year 1 (SVLs vs. PALs) | ||||
| Age, y | <0.0001 | |||
| ≤10.0 | −0.73 ± 0.09 (15) | −0.46 ± 0.06 (27) | 0.70 (0.32)§ | |
| >10.0 | −0.36 ± 0.06 (28) | −0.25 ± 0.09 (14) | ||
| Sex | 0.0007 | |||
| Male | −0.42 ± 0.07 (22) | −0.18 ± 0.07 (19) | 0.35 | |
| Female | −0.62 ± 0.07 (21) | −0.50 ± 0.07 (22) | ||
| Ethnicity (non-Hispanic white) | 0.01 | |||
| Yes | −0.45 ± 0.06 (27) | −0.31 ± 0.06 (28) | 0.42 | |
| No | −0.67 ± 0.07 (16) | −0.42 ± 0.08 (13) | ||
| Baseline myopia | 0.32 | |||
| Less myopia (≥−1.70 D) | −0.56 ± 0.07 (20) | −0.37 ± 0.07 (22) | 0.79 (0.72)§ | |
| More myopia (<−1.70 D) | −0.48 ± 0.07 (23) | −0.34 ± 0.07 (19) | ||
| Year 2 (All wear SVLs) | ||||
| Age, y | 0.0003 | |||
| ≤10.0 | −0.58 ± 0.11 (15) | −0.43 ± 0.08 (27) | 0.92 (0.41)§ | |
| >10.0 | −0.27 ± 0.08 (27) | −0.28 ± 0.11 (14) | ||
| Sex | 0.62 | |||
| Male | −0.40 ± 0.09 (22) | −0.31 ± 0.09 (19) | 0.77 | |
| Female | −0.42 ± 0.09 (20) | −0.39 ± 0.09 (22) | ||
| Ethnicity (non-Hispanic white) | 0.43 | |||
| Yes | −0.44 ± 0.08 (27) | −0.36 ± 0.08 (28) | 0.78 | |
| No | −0.35 ± 0.10 (15) | −0.32 ± 0.11 (13) | ||
| Baseline myopia | 0.41 | |||
| Less myopia (≥−1.70 D) | −0.34 ± 0.09 (19) | −0.38 ± 0.09 (22) | 0.25 (0.20)§ | |
| More myopia (<−1.70 D) | −0.48 ± 0.09 (23) | −0.30 ± 0.09 (19) | ||
P from the final model for the association between the indicated characteristic and the 1-year change in myopia (regardless of treatment group). Baseline age and baseline myopia were treated as continuous variables.
All means adjusted for the factors present in the final model for the 1-year change in refractive error (baseline refractive error, age, axial length, steep keratometry power, outdoor activity, sex, and ethnicity) unless stratified by that factor.
P for the interaction between treatment group and the variable indicated (i.e., whether any association between the characteristic and the 1-year change in myopia differed between the SVL and the PAL groups).
First P is for the interaction between treatment group and the indicated characteristic treated as a continuous variable. The P in parentheses is for the interaction between treatment effect and the indicated characteristic treated as a dichotomous variable split at its median.