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. 2012 Feb 17;52(3):617–648. doi: 10.1021/ci200542m

Table 2. Overview of MD Simulation Setups for CYPs.

Ref FF used Isoforms Heme B parameters used Simulation time/ns Production ensemble Comments
(111) AMBER/FF99 CYP2C9 Developed within their study 5 (multiple) NPT  
(114) AMBER/FF99 CYP2A6, 2C9, 3A4 Own charge method with parameters taken from ref (113) 5 NPT FF99 used, missing residues in CYP3A4 (1TQN)
(112) AMBER/FF99 CYP2C9, CYP19 refs (106), 113 Ferrous low spin state (S = 0) Fit of heme charges done at DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) level 10 NPT Cα RMSD plateaus in phases, culminating at ∼4 Å DFT wave function used for RESP fitting HEME parameters not stated, only the RESP charges
(128) CHARMM 27 CYP3A4 refs (103, 109) 6 NVT Cα RMSD plateaus at ∼1.5 Å
(130) AMBER/FF99 CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2D6, 3A4 Developed within the study 10 NPT FF99 used, missing residues in 3A4 (1TQN) Heme parameters provided
(140) GROMOS96 CYPC17 GROMOS96 20 NPT Cα RMSD seems high at ∼3 Å Berendsen thermostat
(137) CHARMM 27 (protein) CHARMM 22 (heme) CYP3A4 CHARMM22 Refit of heme charges done at DFT (B3LYP/MM/LACVP) level for sextet state 20 NVT Cα RMSD plateaus at ∼1.5 Å Thorough, with a rich set of supporting materials
(139) GROMOS96 CYP3A4 5 NPT Cα RMSD plateaus at ∼2.5 Å
(124) AMBER/FF03 with pi-pi stacking term modification CYP2C9 Developed within their study, but used the method of ref (110) 5 NPT Cα RMSD plateaus at ∼2.4 Å
(169) CHARMM27 CYP51 20 NPT Cα RMSD not reported
(115) AMBER/FF99SB267 CYP3A4 Heme parameters for a wide range of states developed with this study. 25 NPT Cα RMSD plateaus at ∼1.7 Å
(122) OPLS CYP119 Heme parameters from ref (268) 200 NVT RMSD of F/G loop region indicates a large degree of flexibility. Berendsen thermostat
(157) GROMOS 45A4 CYP1A2 Not stated. 1 NPT  
(158) AMBER/FF99 CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 Not stated 0.5 NVT  
(132) CHARM22 CYP101 Heme parameters from ref (270) 300 NPT Longest all-atom simulation to date