Table 1.
Chemical structures and action of purified tannins in the peptic ulcer.
| Tannin | Chemical structure | Model assay/way of route/dose | Organism tested | Activity | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acutissimmin |  |
Ethanol-induced ulcers/Intragastric/50.0 mg/kg | Mouse | Active | [82] |
| Agrimoniin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Alienanin B |  |
Helicbacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,93] |
| Chlorogenic acid |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,94] |
| Castalagin |  |
Ethanol-induced ulcers/Intragastric/50.0 mg/kg | Mouse | Active | [82,95] |
| Casuarictin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,96] |
| Casuarinin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,97] |
| Corilagin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (6.25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,98] |
| 8-CRHA-Glc naringenin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,99] |
| Elaeagnatin A |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,100] |
| Elagic acid |  |
Stress-induced ulcers(water immersion)/intraperitoneal/5, 10 and 25 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [90,101] |
| Pylorus-ligated animals/Intraperitoneal/5, 10 and 25 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [90,101] | ||
| Inhibition of gastric H+, K+-ATPase | Hog gastric mucosal | Active | [90,101] | ||
| Epicatechin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,102] |
| Epicatechin gallate |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (50 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active (Less) | [92,102] |
| Epigallocatechin gallate |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,102] |
| Geraniin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Stress induced ulcer | Mouse | Active | [92,103] | ||
| Heterophylliin G |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,104] |
| Hippophenin A |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,100] |
| Iridin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,105] |
| Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,106] |
| Nobotanin B |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,96] |
| Oenothein A |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Oenothein B |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,107] |
| Pedunculagin |  |
Ethanol-induced ulcers/Intragastric/50.0 mg/kg | Mouse | Active | [82,108] |
| Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92,109] |
| Phillyraeoidin A |  |
Ethanol-induced ulcers/Intragastric/50.0 mg/kg | Mouse | Active | [82,110] |
| Procyanidin B1 |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,111] |
| Procyanidin B3 |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (50 μg/mL) | In vitro | Minimal activity | [92,111] |
| Procyanidin B4 |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (50 μg/mL) | In vitro | Minimal activity | [92,111] |
| Procyanidin B5 |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | active | [92,112] |
| Procyanidin C1 |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,113] |
| Procyanidin polymer |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,99] |
| Rugosin D |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Strictinin |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (6.25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [114] |
| Tannic acid |  |
Shay ulcer/oral/50.0 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [115,116] |
| Acetic acid-induced ulcer/oral/200.0 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [116] | ||
| Pylorus-ligated animals/oral/50.0, 100.0 and 500 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [116] | ||
| Ethanol induced gastric lesions/gastric intubation/100.0 mg/kg | Rat | Active | [117] | ||
| Inhibition of gastric H+, K+-ATPase | Hog gastric mucosal | Active | [118] | ||
| Tellimagrandin I |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (12.5 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Tellimagrandin II |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (6.25 μg/mL) | In vitro | Active | [92] |
| Tri-N-coumaroyl-spermidine |  |
Helicobacter pylori-MIC (>100 μg/mL) | In vitro | Inactive | [92,118] |