Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for determinants of public health insurance status

Variables	Public Health Insurance Status
	Unadjusted OR (UOR)	95% CI	Adjusted OR (AOR)	95% CI
Employment sector (Ref = Informal employment)
Formal employment	29.47***	[25.00-34.75]	4.11***	[1.57-3.58]
Participates in National Social Security Fund (NSSF) (Ref = No)	446.29***	[364.51-546.42]	222.63***	[152.34-325.35]
Participates in savings and credit cooperative organizations (SACCOs) (Ref = No)	101.58***	[75.84-136.06]	14.48***	[7.48-28.03]
Participates in community-based savings groups (Ref = No)	2.74***	[2.44-3.07]	1.62**	[1.15-2.28]
Income in the last one montha (Ref = Non-poor)
Poor	0.07***	[0.05-0.09]	0.34***	[0.20-0.57]
Gender (Ref = Male)
Female	0.23***	[0.20-0.26]	2.37***	[1.57-3.58]
Marital status (Ref = Currently in Union)
Formerly in union	0.25***	[0.18-0.34]	0.46*	[0.23-0.94]
Never in union	0.18***	[0.15-0.21]	0.57*	[0.36-0.90]
Age of respondents (Ref = Less Than 24 Years)
24-29 years	5.31***	[3.82-7.40]	0.83	[0.24-2.82]
30-39 years	15.65***	[11.53-21.24]	0.76	[0.22-2.56]
40-49 years	22.06**	[16.15-30.14]	1.02	[0.29-3.54]
50+ years	16.24***	[11.90-22.16]	0.75	[0.21-2.63]
Education (Ref = Never Attended School)
Primary	2.71***	[1.90-3.86]	2.07	[0.88-4.86]
Secondary/higher	8.32***	[5.84-11.86]	2.12	[0.89-5.04]
Slum residence (Ref = Viwandani)
Korogocho	0.12***	[0.10-0.14]	0.84	[0.56-1.27]
Ethnicity (Ref = Other)
Kikuyu	1.92***	[1.62-2.28]	0.87	[0.55-1.38]
Luhya	0.94	[0.77-1.15]	1.67	[0.96-2.90]
Luo	3.62***	[3.17-4.15]	1.11	[0.77-1.62]
Kamba	1.79***	[1.51-2.13]	1.09	[0.68-1.76]

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. ^aCases with don't know/missing responses (n = 667) were excluded from analysis; UOR: analysis did not account for key confounding factors; AOR: adjustment for key confounders was done in the analysis