Table 1.
Anthropometric, body composition, hormonal and biochemical parameters of obese groups and non-obese control subjects
| Variables | MHO (n = 21) |
MAO (n = 17) |
LHO (n = 21) |
Non-obese (n = 21) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 37 ± 5 | 38 ± 11 | 34 ± 9 | 33 ± 6 |
| Gender (Male/female) | 4/17 | 6/11 | 6/15 | 5/16 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 41.4 ± 4.1 | 43.3 ± 4.7 | 48.4 ± 8.3‡ | 22.1 ± 2.9§,¶,** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 121.1 ± 13.5 | 129.0 ± 14.3 | 137.0 ± 15.4 | 74.8 ± 7.6§,¶,** |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.6 ± 5.2 | 128.5 ± 7.5 | 127.4 ± 7.1 | 121.4 ± 5.9 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.2 ± 6.4 | 77.6 ± 9.0 | 76.8 ± 7.7 | 74.2 ± 8.9 |
| FFM % | 38.0 ± 13.1 | 33.5 ± 15.2 | 35.0 ± 14.1 | nd |
| BFM % | 43.2 ± 16.4 | 47.5 ± 12.4 | 49.8 ± 14.4 | nd |
| REE kcal/d | 1608 ± 285 | 1732 ± 299 | 1827 ± 352 | nd |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5§,¶ |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 16.0 ± 8.3 | 26.1 ± 10.3* | 22.1 ± 7.4 | 7.1 ± 3.3§,¶,** |
| HOMA-IR score | 3.8 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 2.5* | 4.5 ± 1.6† | 1.4 ± 0.7§,¶,** |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 5.3 ± 2.2 | 6.5 ± 3.9 | 13.8 ± 4.6†,‡ | 1.0 ± 0.6§,¶,** |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 60.6 ± 4.2 | 65.5 ± 3.8 | 57.6 ± 5.2 | 53.7 ± 2.2 |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 7.5 ± 3.6 | 4.9 ± 2.9* | 6.1 ± 3.4 | 9.8 ± 4.8¶,** |
| Resistin (ng/mL) | 17.9 ± 7.5 | 17.1 ± 9.0 | 22.3 ± 13.2 | 10.9 ± 3.4§,¶,** |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 58.2 ± 22.3 | 65.3 ± 24.6 | 82.1 ± 48.4‡ | 12.6 ± 10.3§,¶,** |
| Ghrelin (pg/mL) | 185.3 ± 85.3 | 150.3 ± 61.6 | 161.2 ± 49 | 298.6 ± 99.4§,¶,** |
| Free fatty acids (mmol/L) | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2‡ | 0.4 ± 0.2¶,** |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.8* | 1.0 ± 0.2† | 0.9 ± 0.1¶ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.5 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.1 | 0.72 ± 0.1* | 0.76 ± 0.1‡ | 1.56 ± 0.1¶,** |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.5 |
| ApoA-I (g/L) | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.28 ± 0.1* | 1.2 ± 0.1‡ | 1.7 ± 0.2¶,** |
| ApoB-100 (mg/L) | 856.1 ± 165 | 947.7 ± 289* | 771.3 ± 269† | 736.9 ± 126¶ |
| ApoC-III (mg/L) | 102.1 ± 20.3 | 169.5 ± 71.6* | 93.8 ± 15.2† | 114.0 ± 30.1¶ |
| ApoC-II (mg/L) | 34.5 ± 9.5 | 56.5 ± 19.5* | 29.4 ± 8.4† | 36.8 ± 10.3¶ |
| Total apoC-III ⁄ total apoC-II | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 |
| ApoB-48 (mg/L) | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 8.8 ± 4,0* | 3.5 ± 1.7† | 3.9 ± 1.8¶ |
Values are means ± SD. Statistical significance is from Mann-Whitney U-test.
BFM, body fat mass; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FFM, free fat mass; LHO, low HDL-cholesterol obese; MAO, metabolically abnormal obese; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; REE, resting energy expenditure; nd, not determined.
*p < .05 MAO vs. MHO.
† p < .05 MAO vs. LHO.
‡ p < .05 LHO vs. MHO.
§ p < .05 MHO vs. Non-obese.
¶ p < .05 MAO vs. Non-obese.
**p < .05 LHO vs. Non-obese.