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. 2012 Apr 3;7(4):e35000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035000

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Nishiyama et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Kanto-Koshinetsu: the eastern-central region of the main island. Tokai-Hokuriku: the central region of the main island. Kinki: the southern-central region of the main island. Chugoku-Shikoku: the westernmost part of the main island and the fourth largest island. Kyushu: the third largest island, located southwest of the main island. The Amami Islands: a part of the Southwest Islands, located southwest of Kyushu. The black circles represent the approximate geographic positions of the enrollment institutions, and the red-colored islands in the enlarged view of Japan's Southwest Islands (right) represent those used for sampling in the J-MICC study (Tokunoshima and Okinoerabu Islands) and in the survey by the PASNP consortium (the Okinawa Islands).