Table 2. The table shows the association between microvessel density, macrophage count, blood vessel invasion and haematoxylin and eosin-determined vascular invasion with clinicopathological variables in melanoma.
| Category |
Microvessel density |
Macrophage count |
Blood vessel invasion |
Vascular invasion |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Haematoxylin and eosin n (%) |
|||||||||
| Low | High | P-value | Low | High | P-value | Absent | Present | P-value | Absent | Present | P-value | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female (n=99) | 44 (46) | 45 (47) | 0.88 | 51 (54) | 44 (44) | 0.18 | 86 (47) | 3 (37) | 0.73* | 90 (49) | 6 (37) | 0.37 |
| Male (n=103) | 51 (53) | 50 (53) | 44 (46) | 56 (56) | 96 (53) | 5 (62) | 93 (51) | 10 (62) | ||||
| Sentinal node biopsy (SNB) | ||||||||||||
| Negative (n=70) | 38 (40) | 25 (26) | 0.05 | 32 (34) | 36 (36) | 0.73 | 61 (34) | 2 (25.0) | 1.00* | 68 (37) | 2 (12) | 0.06* |
| Positive (n=132) | 57 (60) | 70 (74) | 63 (66) | 64 (64) | 121 (66) | 6 (75.0) | 115 (63) | 14 (87) | ||||
| Relapse status | ||||||||||||
| No (n=134) | 62 (68) | 63 (67) | 0.87 | 66 (73) | 65 (66) | 0.31 | 121 (68) | 4 (50) | 0.23* | 126 (71) | 8 (62) | 0.09 |
| Yes (n=62) | 29 (32) | 31 (33) | 25 (27) | 34 (34) | 56 (32) | 4 (50) | 52 (29) | 5 (38) | ||||
| Staging | ||||||||||||
| IA/IB (n=43) | 29 (31) | 10 (11) | <0.001* | 22 (24) | 19 (20) | 0.05* | 39 (22) | 0 (0) | 0.47* | 42 (24) | 1 (7) | 0.21* |
| IIA (n=11) | 6 (6) | 3 (3) | 5 (5) | 6 (6) | 9 (5) | 0 (0) | 10 (6) | 1 (7) | ||||
| IIB/IIC (n=12) | 2 (2) | 9 (10) | 2 (2) | 10 (10) | 10 (6) | 1 (14) | 12 (7) | 0 (0) | ||||
| IIIA (n=88) | 44 (47) | 40 (44) | 48 (52) | 37 (38) | 80 (45) | 4 (57) | 75 (42) | 11 (73) | ||||
| IIIB (n=41) | 12 (13) | 28 (31) | 15 (16) | 25 (26) | 38 (22) | 2 (29) | 38 (21) | 2 (13) | ||||
| Number of positive nodes | ||||||||||||
| 0 (n=70) | 38 (40) | 25 (26) | 0.06* | 32 (34) | 36 (36) | 0.91* | 61 (34) | 2 (25) | 0.41* | 68 (37) | 2 (12) | 0.09* |
| 1 or 2 (n=123) | 51 (54) | 67 (71) | 59 (62) | 59 (59) | 113 (62) | 5 (62) | 107 (58) | 13 (81) | ||||
| ⩾3 (n=9) | 6 (6) | 3 (3) | 4 (4) | 5 (5) | 8 (4) | 1 (12) | 8 (4) | 1 (6) | ||||
| Melanoma site | ||||||||||||
| Trunk (n=73) | 34 (36) | 37 (39) | 0.82 | 32 (34) | 39 (39) | 0.19 | 67 (37) | 4 (50) | 0.38* | 65 (36) | 7 (44) | 0.62* |
| Leg (n=67) | 34 (36) | 28 (29) | 39 (41) | 27 (27) | 59 (32) | 3 (37) | 61 (33) | 5 (31) | ||||
| Arm (n=45) | 20 (21) | 23 (24) | 19 (20) | 25 (25) | 43 (24) | 0 (0) | 43 (23) | 2 (12) | ||||
| Head/neck (n=17) | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 5 (5) | 9 (9) | 13 (7) | 1 (12) | 14 (8) | 2 (12) | ||||
| Histological subtype | ||||||||||||
| Superficial spreading (n=141) | 70 (78) | 64 (72) | 0.36* | 73 (81) | 63 (67) | 0.03 | 130 (75) | 4 (67) | 0.37* | 127 (74) | 12 (80) | 0.80* |
| Nodular (n=37) | 14 (16) | 21 (24) | 11 (12) | 26 (28) | 34 (20) | 1 (17) | 35 (20) | 2 (13) | ||||
| Other (n=12) | 6 (7) | 4 (4) | 6 (7) | 5 (5) | 9 (5) | 1 (17) | 10 (6) | 1 (7) | ||||
| Breslow thickness (mm) | ||||||||||||
| ⩽1 (n=94) | 53 (56) | 34 (36) | 0.02 | 55 (58) | 34 (34) | <0.001 | 84 (46) | 3 (37) | 0.89* | 89 (49) | 3 (19) | 0.05* |
| >1 ⩽2 (n=79) | 32 (34) | 42 (44) | 35 (37) | 43 (43) | 70 (38) | 4 (50) | 69 (38) | 9 (56) | ||||
| >2 ⩽4 (n=29) | 10 (11) | 19 (20) | 5 (5) | 23 (23) | 28 (15) | 1 (12) | 25 (14) | 4 (25) | ||||
| Ulceration | ||||||||||||
| No (n=145) | 80 (87) | 54 (59) | <0.001 | 79 (85) | 60 (62) | <0.001 | 130 (74) | 4 (57) | 0.39* | 129 (73) | 13 (87) | 0.36* |
| Yes (n=50) | 12 (13) | 37 (41) | 14 (15) | 36 (37) | 46 (26) | 3 (43) | 48 (27) | 2 (13) | ||||
| Mitotic rate (per mm2) | ||||||||||||
| <3 (n=68) | 41 (43) | 21 (22) | 0.002 | 36 (38) | 27 (27) | 0.005 | 61 (34) | 1 (12) | 0.29* | 64 (35) | 3 (19) | 0.03* |
| 3–7 (n=62) | 30 (32) | 28 (30) | 35 (37) | 26 (26) | 56 (31) | 2 (25) | 51 (28) | 10 (62) | ||||
| >7 (n=71) | 24 (25) | 25 (48) | 23 (24) | 47 (47) | 64 (35) | 5 (62) | 67 (37) | 3 (19) | ||||
| Perineural infiltration | ||||||||||||
| No (n=186) | 87 (97) | 87 (100) | 0.25* | 86 (97) | 94 (100) | 0.11* | 168 (98) | 6 (100) | 1.00* | 170 (99) | 13 (87) | 0.02* |
| Yes (n=3) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 2 (13) | ||||
| Regression | ||||||||||||
| No (n=171) | 84 (88) | 75 (81) | 0.14 | 83 (88) | 81 (82) | 0.21 | 151 (84) | 8 (100) | 0.61* | 155 (85) | 13 (87) | 1.00* |
| Yes (n=29) | 11 (12) | 18 (19) | 11 (12) | 18 (18) | 29 (16) | 0 (0) | 27 (15) | 2 (13) | ||||
| Microsatellites | ||||||||||||
| No (n=163) | 79 (88) | 74 (86) | 0.73 | 78 (88) | 80 (86) | 0.75 | 149 (88) | 4 (67) | 0.18* | 149 (88) | 11 (73) | 0.13* |
| Yes (n=25) | 11 (12) | 12 (14) | 11 (12) | 13 (14) | 21 (12) | 2 (33) | 21 (12) | 4 (27) | ||||
| Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) | ||||||||||||
| Absent (n=52) | 28 (30) | 21 (22) | 0.45 | 35 (37) | 16 (16) | 0.005 | 44 (25) | 5 (62) | 0.07* | 48 (27) | 4 (27) | 0.59* |
| Non-brisk (n=126) | 56 (61) | 63 (67) | 51 (54) | 71 (73) | 116 (65) | 3 (37) | 113 (63) | 11 (73) | ||||
| Brisk (n=19) | 8 (9) | 10 (11) | 8 (9) | 10 (10) | 18 (10) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (11) | 0 (0) | ||||
The number of observations, percentage shown in parentheses (%), and the respective P-values are shown resultant from Pearson's χ2-test of association (χ2), or Fisher's exact test, in which the frequency of observations in a cell was less than 5 (indicated with *). Statistically significant P-values are indicated by bold font.