Table 3.

Reported conditions associated with ACS in children.

Primary ACS
Decreased abdominal wall compliance
Gastroschisis [28]
Cantrell Syndrome [29]
Increased intraluminal contents
Small intestine intussusception [30]
Ileus [9]
Hirschprung's disease [18]
Increased abdominal contents
Intra-abdominal trauma (edematous viscera) [9, 18, 31–33]
Intestinal transplantation [22, 34, 35]
Intra-abdominal bleeding/retroperitoneal bleeding [9, 36]
GI bleeding
Extracorporeal life support [37–39]
Nonpancreatic pseudocyst [40]
Wilm's Tumor [18, 41]
Neuroblastoma [42, 43]
Burkitt's Lymphoma [1]
Pyonephrosis/obstructive megaureter [44]
Pancreatitis [9]
Tension pneumoperitoneum/intestinal perforation [45]
Peritonitis/intra-abdominal infection [1, 9]
Infectious enterocolitis [8, 18]
Post surgical complication (abdominal surgery) [8, 18]
Bowel obstruction or perforation [1, 9, 18]
Secondary ACS
Capillary leak/fluid resuscitation
Sepsis/Septic shock [1, 9, 37, 46]
Toxic shock syndrome [1]
Dengue shock syndrome [47]
Trauma shock [48]
Cardiogenic shock/cardiac arrest [1]
Burns [9, 14, 16, 49, 50]

ACS, abdominal compartment syndrome.