Table 2.
Comparisons of demographic, clinical, and laboratory features, vascular risk factors, and medications between the 9 PAPS patients with seizures and PAPS patients without seizures (n = 79).
| PAPS with seizures | PAPS without seizures | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 9 | n = 79 | ||
| Age, years | 44.6 ± 10.7 | 40.1 ± 11.2 | 0.261 |
| White race, n (%) | 7 (77.8) | 65 (82.3) | 0.665 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 7 (77.8) | 65 (82.3) | 0.665 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.8 ± 3.1 | 28.0 ± 7.5 | 0.933 |
| Arterial events, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 38 (48.1) | 0.484 |
| Venous events, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 49 (62.0) | 0.474 |
| Obstetric events, n (%) | 3 (33.3) | 31 (39.2) | 1.000 |
| Thrombocytopenia, n (%) | 2 (22.2) | 19 (24.1) | 1.000 |
| Livedo reticularis, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 24 (30.4) | 0.057 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 24 (30.4) | 0.057 |
| Sneddon's syndrome, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 12 (15.2) | 0.053 |
| Pulmonary thromboembolism, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 19 (24.1) | 0.678 |
| Deep venous thrombosis, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 40 (50.6) | 0.680 |
| Angina, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 7 (8.9) | 1.000 |
| Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 1.000 |
| Sedentarism, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 50 (63.3) | 1.000 |
| Disease duration, months | 88.4 ± 94 | 94.6 ± 64.3 | 0.398 |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 0 | 17 (21.5) | 0.270 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 | 6 (7.6) | 0.874 |
| Systemic hypertension, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 37 (46.8) | 0.892 |
| Previous history of smoking, n (%) | 5 (55.5) | 28 (35.4) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 8 (10.1) | 0.019 |
| Alcoholism, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 0.102 |
| Heparin use, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 40 (50.6) | 0.575 |
| Current chloroquine use, n (%) | 2 (22.2) | 37 (46.8) | 0.153 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 4 (44.4) | 20 (25.3) | 0.680 |
| IgG anticardiolipin levels, GPL | 55.1 ± 45.9 | 40.0 ± 46.2 | 0.357 |
| IgG anticardiolipin, n (%) | 7 (77.8) | 44 (55.7) | 0.293 |
| IgM anticardiolipin levels, MPL | 17.7 ± 19.9 | 29.9 ± 40.2 | 0.373 |
| IgM anticardiolipin, n (%) | 5 (55.6) | 40 (50.6) | 1.000 |
| Lupus anticoagulant, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 60 (75.9) | 0.839 |
| IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, U/mL | 26.6 ± 31.32 | 22.6 ± 35.02 | 0.809 |
| IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, n (%) | 2 (22.2) | 13 (20.9) | 0.669 |
| IgM anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, U/mL | 12.0 ± 12.4 | 14.5 ± 32.4 | 0.862 |
| IgM anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 7 (8.9) | 1.000 |
Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percentage; PAPS: primary antiphospholipid syndrome; n = number of patients; SD = standard deviation.