Fig 3.

DksA and ppGpp independently contribute to the antinitrosative defense of Salmonella. The wild type (WT), the ΔdksA strain, and the ΔrelA ΔspoT-deficient Salmonella strain lacking the ppGpp synthases (ppGpp°) and a triple ΔdksA ppGpp° strain were diluted to 2 × 10⁷ CFU/ml in fresh LB broth from overnight cultures. The cells were treated with 5 mM DETA (control) (A) or DETA NONOate (dNO) (B). Bacterial growth is expressed as the OD₆₀₀ over time, and the data are represented as the means of 10 independent observations from 2 separate experiments. The P value for the differences between ΔdksA and ΔdksA ppGpp° Salmonella strains was <0.0001 as determined by one-way ANOVA of all data points in the curve followed by Bonferroni's posttest.