Table 2.

Contrasting Patterns of Mitochondrial versus Plastid Genome Divergence in Silene noctiflora and Silene conica

	Mitochondrial	Plastid
Sequence
Major genome-wide increase in synonymous substitution rate	Yes	No
Large increases in dN/dS in a subset of protein genes	No	Yes
Large decrease in the frequency of RNA editing	Yes	No
Structural
Genomic expansion	Yes	No
Multichromosomal genome structure	Yes	No
Gene duplication	Yes	No
Elevated indel rate	Yes	Yes
Intron losses	Only one	Yes
Inversions	N/Aa	Yes
Shifts in IR boundaries	N/A	Yes

^aRates of genome rearrangement between and even within species are so high in angiosperm mitochondrial genomes that estimating the number or rate of inversions in any given lineage is not feasible.