Time of infection and plasma viral loads following repeated low-dose intrarectal challenges with SIVmac251. Panels A to E illustrate results for the s.l., i.n./i.t., i.vag., i.r., and control groups, respectively. Arrows mark sequential low-dose challenges. The macaques in each group are listed. * and † denote Mamu A*01- and Mamu B*08-positive macaques, respectively. Three naïve macaques (G419, G421, and G423) were added to the study at the time of challenge. (F) Kaplan-Meier plot of the percentage of uninfected macaques versus the number of challenges.