iPSC induction using AAVs. (a) MEFs were transduced efficiently with rAAV2, as seen by GFP expression. (b) Morphology of MEFs 3 days (d3) after rAAV-mediated transduction of reprogramming factors at an MOI of 2 × 104 viral genomes/cell/factor. The first iPSC colonies appeared at day 7 (d7) and were picked from day 10 (d10). iPSC retained embryonic stem cell morphology after passaging (p1, p2, and p5) and stained positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP). (c) Schematic representation of iPSC induction using rAAVs. Fibroblasts were transduced one, two, or three times (black arrowheads) with rAAVs at a range of MOIs. (d) Effects of various MOIs of rAAV-GFP viral genomes per cell (x axis) on number of GFP-positive MEFs (black solid line) and HFFs (gray dashed line) (percentage of total GFP-positive cells; y axis).