SDS-PAGE analysis of the expression level and purity of wild-type HheA and its variants. The enzymes were expressed in E. coli MC1061 using the vector pBAD under the expression conditions described in Materials and Methods. Lane M, molecular size marker; lanes 1 to 4, purified enzymes of wild-type HheA and the V136Y/L141G, V136Y/L141G/N178A, and N178A variants, respectively; lanes 5 to 8, crude extracts of wild-type HheA and the V136Y/L141G, V136Y/L141G/N178A, and N178A variants, respectively. The arrow indicates the HheA band.