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E. coli membrane permeabilization by monocaprylate monitored by leakage of calcein dye from vesicles as a function of the monocaprylate to lipid concentration ([M]/[L]) ratio. At each [M]/[L] ratio, the intensity signal from the released calcein was normalized to the signal obtained at complete vesicle rupture. The monocaprylate concentration used at each measured [M]/[L] ratio is given at the upper axis. A lipid concentration [L] of ∼3 μM was used for all [M]/[L] ratios.
