TABLE 4.
Associations of Sex and Baseline ACE Score to First Hospitalization With Selected Autoimmune Disease (Immunopathology) Types Among 15,357 adults: Adverse Childhood Experiences Study 1995 to 2005
| Immunopathology Type | Person-Years | Hospitalizations With Autoimmune Diseases (n) | Unadjusted Rate (per 10,000 Person-Years) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)e,f | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Th1a | ACE Score | Total | 113,411 | 133 | 11.7 | |
| Men | 51,723 | 82 | 15.8 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| Women | 61,688 | 51 | 8.3 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | ||
| 0 | 42,158 | 49 | 11.6 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| 1 | 29,983 | 30 | 10.0 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | ||
| ≥2 | 41,270 | 54 | 13.1 | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | ||
| Mixed Th1/Th2c | ACE Score | Total | 113,411 | 74 | 6.5 | |
| Men | 51,723 | 40 | 7.7 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| Women | 61,688 | 34 | 5.5 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | ||
| 0 | 42,158 | 28 | 6.6 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| 1 | 29,983 | 21 | 7.0 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | ||
| ≥2 | 41,270 | 25 | 6.1 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | ||
| Th2b | ACE Score | Total | 113,411 | 188 | 16.6 | |
| Men | 51,723 | 69 | 13.3 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| Women | 61,688 | 119 | 19.3 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | ||
| 0 | 42,158 | 67 | 15.9 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| 1 | 29,983 | 40 | 13.3 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | ||
| ≥2 | 41,270 | 81 | 20.0 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | ||
| Th2 rheumaticd | ACE Score | Total | 113,411 | 96 | 8.5 | |
| Men | 51,723 | 25 | 4.8 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| Women | 61,688 | 70 | 11.3 | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | ||
| 0 | 42,158 | 34 | 8.1 | 1.0 (referent) | ||
| 1 | 29,983 | 14 | 4.7 | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) | ||
| ≥2 | 41,270 | 48 | 11.6 | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) |
ACE = adverse childhood experience; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; Th1 = T-helper 1; Th2 = T-helper 2.
Th1 = idiopathic myocarditis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, irritable bowel disease, and Wegener granulomatosis.
Th2 = autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura, dermatomyositis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjogren disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Mixed Th1/Th2 = pernicious anemia, vitiligo, Addison disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, psoriasis, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis.
Th2 rheumatic subgroup of Th2 = dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Sjogren disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cox proportional hazard regression model included sex, age, race, and ACE score for analyses of Th1 and mixed Th1/Th2.
Race excluded from the model because it did not meet the proportional hazards assumption for total Th2 and the Th2 rheumatic subgroup.