. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 4.

Published in final edited form as: Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2005 Jan-Feb;13(1):14–27. doi: 10.1080/10673220590923146

TABLE 2.

Summary of the Relations Between Temperament and Psychopathology

	Negative affectivity	Extraversion	Effortful control	Mechanism of association
ADHD	High	High	Low	Spectrum
Other disruptive behavior disorders	High^* or Low^†	High	Low	Risk
Major depression	High	Low	Low	Risk
Anxiety disorders	High	Low	Low	Risk/spectrum
Substance use	High	High^‡	Low	Risk

Bold print indicates stronger associations.

^†

Low negative affectivity is seen in some conduct disorders characterized by more predatory aggression and premeditated rule-breaking.

^‡

Especially related to novelty or sensation seeking.