Table 3.
Unstandardized Parameter Estimates (Standard Errors) for MLM Regressions Predicting Cortisol Parameters (N = 100)
| CAR | Cortisol AUC | Waking Cortisol | Bedtime Cortisol | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 0.206 (.032)*** | 4.268 (0.185)*** | −1.560 (.066)*** | −3.284 (.100)*** |
| Discrimination (γ01) | 0.106 (.060)† | 1.493 (0.611)* | 0.201 (.221) | 0.427 (.331) |
| Gender (γ02) | 0.199 (.038)*** | 1.894 (0.405)*** | 0.064 (.145) | −0.198 (.219) |
| Control Variables | ||||
| Life stressors (γ03) | −0.001 (.005) | −0.023 (0.049) | 0.008 (.018) | 0.016 (.027) |
| Family income (γ04) | 0.001 (.003) | 0.007 (0.035) | 0.006 (.013) | 0.001 (.019) |
| MDD symptoms (γ05) | −0.008 (.007) | −0.068 (0.073) | −0.034 (.025) | −0.009 (.039) |
| Acculturation level (γ06) | 0.068 (.038)† | 0.352 (0.398) | 0.017 (.143) | 0.189 (.022) |
| Oral contraceptives(γ07) | −0.154 (.096) | −0.703 (1.025) | 0.368 (.360) | 0.881 (.553) |
| Daily caffeine use (β10) | 0.053 (.019)** | 0.255 (0.184) | −0.041 (.065) | 0.219 (.089)* |
| Daily hrs. of exercise (β20) | −0.007 (.019) | 0.067 (0.181) | 0.080 (.067) | 0.010 (.092) |
| Daily wake time (β30) | −0.042 (.019)* | −0.416 (0.184)* | 0.026 (.067) | 0.020 (.095) |
| Daily hours of sleep (β40) | −0.032 (.016)* | −0.284 (0.148)† | 0.045 (.055) | −0.021 (.076) |
| Daily stress level (β50) | −0.005 (.019) | −0.185 (0.177) | −0.014 (.064) | −0.076 (.087) |
| Variances | ||||
| Level 2 variance (τ00) | 0.013 (.005)** | 2.084 (0.528)*** | 0.245 (.075)** | 0.694 (.156)*** |
| Level 1 variance (σ2) | 0.043 (.005)*** | 3.152 (0.359)*** | 0.487 (.056)*** | 0.745 (.085)*** |
Note. AUC= Area under the curve; CAR = Cortisol awakening response. Gender coded 0 = male, 1 = female; Oral contraceptives coded 0 = no, 1 = yes. For CAR analysis, each individual’s time from Sample 1 to Sample 2 was added as an additional covariate. Waking cortisol and bedtime cortisol values were log transformed.
†
p ≤ .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001. All cortisol levels reflect μg/dL.