Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 4.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychologia. 2008 Nov 30;47(11):2164–2173. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.025

Table 1.

Average percentage of remember and know hits and false alarms (FAs) in published studies using the remember–know procedure with younger (YA) and older adults (OA).

Remember
 Know
Hits
 FAs
 Hits
 FAs
YA OA YA OA YA OA YA OA
Parkin and Walter (1992; Expt 1)a .52 .20 .00 .01 .24 .49 .03 .08
Parkin and Walter (1992; Expt 2)a .37 .12 .02 .02 .44 .59 .04 .06
Mantyla (1993; Expt 1) .54 .26 .05 .05 .12 .10 .02 .03
Mantyla (1993; Expt 2) .43 .24 .03 .05 .11 .19 .03 .04
Perfect et al. (1995; Expt 1) .53 .18 .05 .07 .13 .53 .05 .03
Perfect et al. (1995; Expt 2a; Shallow LOP) .40 .34 .00 .03 .09 .20 .05 .05
Perfect et al. (1995; Expt 2a; Deep LOP) .68 .69 .01 .02 .15 .08 .01 .01
Perfect et al. (1995; Expt 2b) .76 .25 .01 .03 .10 .39 .02 .08
Norman and Schacter (1997; Expt 1; Explanation) .54 .55 .01 .10 .05 .22 .07 .10
Norman and Schacter (1997; Expt 1; No Explanation) .53 .51 .01 .05 .04 .21 .06 .06
Perfect and Dasgupta (1997) .74 .48 .02 .08 .22 .22 .05 .09
Schacter, Koutstaal, Johnson, Gross, and Angell (1997; Expt 1; 3 repetitions) .63 .47 .02 .03 .14 .15 .06 .06
Schacter et al. (1997; Expt 2) .55 .35 .05 .11 .16 .14 .17 .17
Friedman and Trott (2000) a .50 .43 .02 .06 .22 .23 .04 .06
Lovden, Ronnlund, and Nilsson (2002)b .77 .53 .02 .06 .15 .13 .05 .08
Clarysetal. (2002)b .72 .52 .07 .10 .10 .33 .05 .09
Bastin and Van der Linden (2003) .40 .30 .04 .10 .14 .13 .11 .17
Bunce (2003) c .49 .38 .02 .02 .21 .42 .03 .04
Comblain, D'Argembeau, Van der Linden, and Aldenhoff (2004) .57 .33 .01 .03 .09 .24 .04 .08
D'Argembeau and Van der Linden (2004) .49 .40 .08 .15 .10 .22 .11 .17
Bunce and Macready (2005) .55 .49 .00 .02 .22 .27 .01 .05
Duarte, Ranganath, and Trujillo (2006) .59 .53 .04 .10 .12 .17 .15 .17
Prulletal. (2006) .58 .36 .02 .08 .14 .33 .07 .14
Bugaiska et al. (2007) .30 .18 .02 .03 .16 .29 .06 .07
Parks (2007) .41 .31 .01 .04 .15 .17 .10 .13
Duarte et al. (2008) .54 .59 .02 .08 .19 .26 .11 .17
Skinner and Fernandes (in press) .35 .40 .03 .15 .21 .30 .11 .15
Mean .536 .385 .025 .062 .245 .267 .063 .090
Mean weighted by sample size .542 .396 .025 .064 .260 .258 .064 .096
a

This study was not included in the meta-analysis reported in Table 2 because effect sizes could not be calculated for remember hits or false alarms.

b

Weighted average of the two oldest groups.

c

Note that in OA Mean, combining high- and low-frontal groups (.023), was greater than the YA Mean (.016), though both round to .02.