Axonal injury and microglial activation in 7 day rcTBI. (A) Sham operated mice had little silver stain (black precipitate, left panel) and few Iba-1-positive cells (right panel) in the corpus callosum (scale bar=500 μm). (B) Silver staining (left panel) and increased numbers of Iba-1-positive cells (right panel) were evident in the corpus callosum of mice 7 days post-injury. Quantification of silver by densitometry (C, arbitrary units A.U.) and of Iba-1 by stereology (D) confirmed observed changes (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, Student’s one-tailed t test). (E) Silver staining strongly correlated with changes in relative anisotropy at 7 days post-injury (Pearson’s correlation, two-tailed, solid line represents linear regression, dotted lines represent 95% confidence interval. Square symbol in 7 day group indicates a mouse with a histologically mild injury, a possible outlier).