Table 1.
Characteristics of women, labor, and delivery: distribution in the cohort of PPH and risk of severe PPH, univariable and multivariable analyses
| n | % | Proportion with severe PPH (%) | OR* | 95% CI | aOR§ | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women and pregnancy | |||||||
| Age (yrs) | |||||||
| <25 | 876 | 19.3 | 22.0 | 1.05 | 0.87–1.26 | 0.95 | 0.77–1.17 |
| 25–35 | 2 970 | 65.3 | 21.3 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| >35 | 700 | 15.4 | 18.3 | 0.83 | 0.67–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.77–1.24 |
| BMI | |||||||
| ≤ 18 | 215 | 5.4 | 24.2 | 1.18 | 0.86–1.64 | 1.10 | 0.78–1.55 |
| >18–25 | 2 864 | 72.5 | 21.1 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| >25–30 | 595 | 15.1 | 18.7 | 0.85 | 0.68–1.06 | 0.85 | 0.67–1.08 |
| > 30 | 275 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 0.89 | 0.65–1.20 | 0.89 | 0.63–1.24 |
| Previous PPH | 249 | 5.5 | 20.9 | 0.99 | 0.73–1.37 | 1.47 | 1.02–2.13 |
| Fibroma | 33 | 0.7 | 21.2 | 1.02 | 0.44–2.35 | 0.74 | 0.29–1.98 |
| Hydramnios | 44 | 1.0 | 25.0 | 1.26 | 0.64–2.51 | 0.94 | 0.42–2.11 |
| Parity | |||||||
| primiparous | 2 268 | 49.9 | 26.2 | 1.99 | 1.70–2.32 | 1.88 | 1.51–2.33 |
| multiparous with no previous cesarean delivery | 2 036 | 44.8 | 15.1 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| multiparous with previous cesarean delivery | 245 | 5.4 | 20.7 | 1.47 | 1.05–2.04 | 1.66 | 1.15–2.41 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 119 | 2.6 | 26.9 | 1.40 | 0.93–2.12 | 1.17 | 0.70–1.96 |
| Labor | |||||||
| Onset of labor | |||||||
| spontaneous | 3 457 | 76.0 | 20.3 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| induction | 571 | 12.5 | 21.2 | 1.06 | 0.86–1.32 | 1.20 | 0.93–1.55 |
| induced cervical ripening | 522 | 11.5 | 25.7 | 1.37 | 1.10–1.69 | 1.45 | 1.13–1.85 |
| Epidural analgesia | 3 552 | 78.2 | 20.2 | 0.83 | 0.70–0.98 | 0.53 | 0.43–0.67 |
| Prolonged labor | 1 376 | 31.2 | 24.5 | 1.38 | 1.19–1.61 | 1.27 | 1.06–1.53 |
| Oxytocin during labor | 3 029 | 66.7 | 21.7 | 1.15 | 0.98–1.34 | 1.04 | 0.85–1.28 |
| Prolonged expulsive efforts | 534 | 13.7 | 27.0 | 1.45 | 1.18–1.79 | 0.97 | 0.77–1.24 |
| Delivery | |||||||
| Gestationnal age (wks) | |||||||
| < 37 | 218 | 4.8 | 23.9 | 1.25 | 0.90–1.72 | 1.14 | 0.70–1.85 |
| 37–41 | 3 565 | 78.5 | 20.1 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| > 41 | 759 | 16.7 | 24.1 | 1.26 | 1.05–1.52 | 1.10 | 0.89–1.37 |
| Delivery | |||||||
| spontaneous without episiotomy | 2 444 | 53.7 | 16.3 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| spontaneous with episiotomy | 1 230 | 27.0 | 25.2 | 1.73 | 1.46–2.05 | 1.55 | 1.27–2.87 |
| operative without episiotomy | 176 | 3.9 | 19.3 | 1.23 | 0.83–1.81 | 1.05 | 0.69–1.62 |
| operative with episiotomy | 698 | 15.4 | 30.1 | 2.21 | 1.82–2.69 | 1.70 | 1.33–2.18 |
| Prophylactic uterotonics | 2 486 | 54.6 | 21.7 | 1.11 | 0.96–1.28 | 1.22 | 1.03–1.43 |
| Birth weight (g) | |||||||
| ≤2,500 | 179 | 3.9 | 23.5 | 1.18 | 0.83–1.68 | 0.97 | 0.56–1.69 |
| 2,501–3,999 | 3 880 | 85.3 | 20.6 | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| ≥4,000 | 486 | 10.7 | 22.4 | 1.11 | 0.89–1.40 | 1.21 | 0.95–1.58 |
| Total | 4,550 | 100.0 | 20.9 | NA | |||
*
Simple logistic regression
§
Multivariable logistic regression including all variables