Table 1. Global chemosynthetic ecosystems and study sites where sediment macrofaunal data were available and analyzed in this study.

Reducing ecosystem sediments	Region	Location	Water depth (m)	Habitats	Data source
Middle Valley (HV)	E. Pacific	Juan de Fuca	2406–2411	mat, clam bed, hot mud, inactive	[27]
Papua New Guinea (HV)	W. Pacific	Manus Basin	1430–1634	active and inactive sediments	[27]
Gulf of Alaska (MS)	NE Pacific	Kodiak Seep	4327–4480	frenulate field, clam bed, non seep	[80]
Aleutians (MS)	N. Pacific	Unimak Seep	4500	frenulate field, clam bed, non seep	[80]
Oregon Margin (MS)	E. Pacific	Hydrate Ridge	770	mat, clam bed, near seep, non seep	[20]
California Margin (MS)	E. Pacific	Eel R. Seep	500-252	mat, clam bed, near seep, non seep	[20], [61], [109]
So. California Borderland (MS)	E. Pacific	San Clemente	1800	frenulate field	[90]
Costa Rica (MS)	E. Pacific	Quepos, Mound 12 and 11, Jaco	400, 990, 1020, 744–1795	mat, clam bed (little)	Levin and Mendoza, unpublished.
New Zealand (MS)	W. Pacific	N. Island Seeps	662–1201	ampharetid bed, frenulate field	[63]
Gulf of Mexico (MS)	Gulf of Mexico	Florida Escarpment	3234–3290	mat, frenulate field, clam bed, non seep	[80]
So. California Borderland (WF)	E. Pacific	Santa Cruz Basin	1670	6 wk, 18 mo, 4.5 y, 5.8 y, 6.8 y	[29]
So. California Borderland (KF)	E. Pacific (Kp)	Santa Cruz Basin	1670	<1 m, 3 mo., 6 mo.	[17]
So. California Borderland (WO)	E. Pacific (Wd)	Santa Cruz Basin	1670	<1 m, 6 mo, 22 mo, 3 y, 5.5 y	[17]

HV- Hydrothermal vents; MS – Methane Seeps; WF- Whale-fall; KF- Kelp-fall; WO- Wood-fall.