Table 1.
Measure | n | M | SD | Raw Score Range |
---|---|---|---|---|
Depressive Symptoms | ||||
Wave 1 | 1206 | 50.10 | 9.93 | 0 – 48 |
Wave 3 | 955 | 49.31 | 9.34 | 0 – 42 |
Wave 6 | 447 | 51.20 | 8.98 | 0 – 39 |
Wave 7 | 301 | 50.21 | 9.96 | 0 – 40 |
Wave 9 | 135 | 51.61 | 9.53 | 0 – 35 |
Perceptual Speed | ||||
Wave 1 | 1206 | 49.45 | 9.59 | 0 – 72 |
Wave 3 | 859 | 51.16 | 10.11 | 2 – 72 |
Wave 6 | 349 | 50.94 | 9.15 | 3 – 63 |
Wave 7 | 262 | 49.07 | 9.72 | 0 – 67 |
Wave 9 | 121 | 50.40 | 9.15 | 8 – 63 |
Covariates | ||||
Age | 1206 | 77.88 | 6.30 | 65 - 98 |
Medical Conditions | 1206 | 2.47 | 1.66 | 0 - 10 |
MMSE > 24 | 96 | 8.0% | ||
Education < 15 years of age | 579 | 48.0% |
Note. Depressive symptoms and perceptual speed were assessed at baseline and after approximately two, eight, eleven and fifteen years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977). Depressive symptoms and perceptual speed scores were standardized to the T metric (M=50, SD =10) using the baseline sample. MMSE (Mini-mental Status Examination) was dichotomized as scoring less than 24, and 24 or more. Education information was limited to a dichotomized variable of leaving school before 15 years of age, or leaving at age 15 or later.