Table 1.
Means, Standard Deviations, and Intercorrelations Among the Constructs Included in the Correlates, Antecedents, and Health Outcomes Analyses
| Correlates and Antecedents | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Construct | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Covariates | |||||||||||||
| 1. Level social participation (1–4) | 1.58 | 0.46 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 2. Time-related change social participation (–0.19–0.19) | −0.001 | 0.03 | .40 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 3. Level life satisfaction (0–10) | 6.86 | 1.23 | .21 | .06 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 4. Time-related change life satisfaction (−0.47–0.43) | −0.04 | 0.08 | .07 | .04 | .49 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 5. Religious participation (1–4) | 1.72 | 0.97 | .18 | .08 | .17 | .04 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 6. Disability (0=not disabled) | 0.09 | 0.29 | −.09 | −.01 | −.10 | −.02 | .04 | 1.00 | |||||
| 7. Self-rated health (1–5) | 3.40 | 0.95 | .18 | .05 | .36 | .21 | −.02 | −.32 | 1.00 | ||||
| 8. Age (16–97) | 44.08 | 17.04 | −.21 | −.05 | −.03 | −.03 | .14 | .29 | −.41 | 1.00 | |||
| 9. Education (7–18) | 11.53 | 2.40 | .27 | −.01 | −.01 | −.01 | −.04 | −.07 | .10 | −.07 | 1.00 | ||
| 10. Gender (0=men) | 0.52 | 0.50 | −.13 | .02 | −.01 | −.01 | .08 | −.04 | −.08 | .06 | −.12 | 1.00 | |
| 11. Income (0–6) | 3.24 | 1.67 | .27 | .07 | .20 | .07 | .06 | −.11 | .17 | −.24 | .23 | −.12 | 1.00 |
| Outcome | |||||||||||||
| Perceived control (1–4) | 2.77 | 0.46 | .28 | .05 | .23 | .11 | −.05 | −.10 | .23 | −.16 | .30 | −.13 | .23 |
| Health Outcomes | |||||||||||||
| M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
| 1. Perceived control (1–4) | 2.77 | 0.46 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 2. Age (16–97) | 44.06 | 17.03 | −.16 | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 3. Education (7–18) | 11.53 | 2.40 | .30 | −.07 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 4. Gender (0=men) | 0.52 | 0.50 | −.13 | .05 | −.12 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 5. Income (0–6) | 3.34 | 1.64 | .23 | −.26 | .23 | −.11 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 6. Social participation (1–4) | 1.56 | 0.54 | .26 | −.21 | .24 | −.12 | .27 | 1.00 | |||||
| 7. Life satisfaction (0–10) | 6.85 | 1.83 | .23 | −.04 | −.003 | −.01 | .17 | .16 | 1.00 | ||||
| 8. Religious participation (1–4) | 1.71 | 0.97 | −.05 | .14 | −.04 | .08 | .06 | .18 | .16 | 1.00 | |||
| 9. Disability (0=not disabled) | 0.09 | 0.29 | −.10 | .29 | −.07 | −.04 | −.12 | −.09 | −.09 | .04 | 1.00 | ||
| 10. Self-rated health (1–5) | 3.40 | 0.95 | .22 | −.41 | .10 | −.08 | .17 | .19 | .39 | −.02 | −.32 | 1.00 | |
Note. Correlates and antecedents analyses (n = 10,894): Level social participation and life satisfaction refer to functioning in 1994. Time-related change in social participation and life satisfaction refer to linear change in resources from 1985–1994 for social participation and 1984–1994 for life satisfaction. Variables 5–11 and perceived control were each assessed in 1994.
Health outcomes analyses (n = 10,824): Variables 1–10 were each assessed in 1994.
For both analyses, social participation, life satisfaction, religious participation, and self-rated health were all coded in the same direction, such that higher scores indicate more positive functioning. Income was divided into seven categories based on annual household income post government taxes in 1994 (in Euros): 0 ($0 thru $9,999), 1 ($10,000 thru $14,999), 2 ($15,000 thru $19,999), 3 ($20,000 thru $ 24,999), 4 ($25,000 thru 34,999), 5 ($35,000 thru $49,999), and 6 (greater than $50,000).
Correlations above .02 are significant at the p < .05 level