. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012 Apr;33(3):202–213. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182475287

Table 4.

Significant differences (p<.01) between the EPT/ELBW (n = 148) and NBW (n = 111) groups in non-parametric comparisons of symptom counts and T-scores.^a

Behavior Measure	EPT/ELBW Group		NBW Group		Mann- Whitney U	Z	p-value
	N	median	n	median
Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Symptoms, Parent Form (P-ChIPS) Syndrome Severity Ratings:
ADHD-Inattentive	142	2	111	0	5145.50	−5.00	<.001^c ^d
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	142	2	111	0	5636.00	−4.11	<.001^c ^d
Enuresis	142	1	111	0	6497.50	−2.61	.009^d
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), DSM-Oriented Scale T-scores:
ADHD Problems^b	142	51	110	50	6372.50	−2.63	.008^e
Teacher Report Form (TRF), DSM-Oriented Syndrome Scale T-scores:
Affective Problems^b	108	50	105	50	4530.50	−2.89	.004^c ^e
ADHD Problems^b	108	55	105	51	3889.00	−4.06	<.001^c ^e
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Parent Form (BRIEF-parent) T-scores:
Working Memory (M)	143	53	111	48	6094.50	−3.18	.001^d ^e
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Teacher Form (BRIEF-teacher) T-scores:
Behavior Regulation Index (BR)	109	50	106	45	4386.50	−3.09	.002^c ^e
Inhibit (BR)	110	51	106	45	4621.50	−2.66	.008
Shift (BR)	109	48	106	43	4372.50	−3.20	.001^c ^e
Metacognition Index (M)	109	60	106	45	2925.50	−6.27	<.001^c ^e
Initiate (M)	110	62	106	45	2820.50	−6.59	<.001^c ^e
Working Memory (M)	110	60	106	43	2705.00	−6.83	<.001^c ^e
Plan/Organize (M)	109	56	106	44	3281.50	−5.51	<.001^c ^e
Organization of Materials (M)	110	51	106	46	3927.50	−4.23	<.001^c ^e
Monitor (M)	110	60	106	46	3575.00	−4.93	<.001^c ^e
School Social Behavior Scales (SSBS−2) T-scores:
Social Competence Composite (SC)	110	49	107	61	3001.50	−6.24	<.001^c
Peer Relations (SC)	110	49	107	61	2870.50	−6.53	<.001^c
Self Management/Compliance (SC)	110	55	107	60	4482.00	−3.05	.002
Academic Behavior (SC)	110	48	107	60	2679.50	−6.95	<.001^c
Defiant/Disruptive (AB)	110	43	107	41	4699.50	−2.69	.007

Abbreviations: EPT/ELBW = Extremely Preterm/Extremely Low Birth Weight; NBW = term-born Normal Birth Weight; ADHD = attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BR = BRIEF Behavior Regulation domain; M = BRIEF Metacognition domain; SC = SSBS−2 Social Competence scale; AB = SSBS−2 Antisocial Behavior scale.

Data were not obtained for some children due to EPT/ELBW children who were too low functioning to be assessed, school or teacher refusals, and the failure of some parents and teachers to complete the ratings. Teachers completed questionnaires for 110 EPT/ELBW children and 107 NBW controls.

The medians are similar but the EPT/ELBW group had a higher percentage of T-scores >50 than the NBW group: 60% vs. 48% for CBCL ADHD Problems, 48% vs. 30% for TRF Affective Problems, and 77% vs. 51% for TRF ADHD Problems.

Significant when excluding children with neurosensory disorders or low global cognitive ability (Brief Intelligence Assessment score <10^th percentile).

Significant when excluding 19 ETP/ELBW not attending regular classrooms.

Significant when considering only children with both parent and teacher ratings (applies only to measures with comparable parent and teacher forms—i.e., CBCL, TRF, BRIEF-parent, and BRIEF-teacher).