Table 1. Characteristics of Epidural Users and non, Users who Gave Birth Vaginally to Singletons in Washington State, 2009 .
| Epidural users (n = 21,705) |
Epidural non-user (n = 21,705) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Maternal Variables |
|||
| Variable | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Maternal Age (years) | 27.10 (5.87) | 27.94 (5.98) | |
| Parity | 0.92 (1.24) | 1.33 (1.46) | |
| Education (years) | 13.28 (2.63) | 12.65 (3.18) | |
| Status | n (%)a | n (%)a | |
| Marital Status | Married | 14,034 (65.10) | 13,981 (65.10) |
| Unmarried | 7,523 (34.90) | 7,496 (34.90) | |
| Insurance Provider | Government | 10,458 (48.92) | 11,997 (56.18) |
| Uninsured | 147 (0.69) | 206 (0.97) | |
| Private | 10,773 (50.39) | 9,088 (42.85) | |
| Induction of Labor | Spontaneous | 15,164 (70.22) | 18,174 (84.22) |
| Induced | 6,430 (29.78) | 3,404 (15.78) | |
| Smoking During Pregnancy | Did Not Smoke | 18,955 (88.60) | 19,900 (92.70) |
| Smoked | 2,439 (11.40) | 1,567 (7.30) | |
| Race | Non-Hispanic White | 16,186 (75.72) | 13,320 (62.58) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1,030 (4.82) | 1,029 (4.83) | |
| Hispanic | 1,713 (8.01) | 4,091 (19.22) | |
| Asian | 1,844 (8.63) | 2,117 (9.95) | |
| Other | 603 (2.82) | 728 (3.42) | |
|
Hospital Variables |
|||
| Location | n (%)a | n (%)a | |
| Perinatal Unit Tier | Primary | 4,798 (23.85) | 2,879 (15.32) |
| Secondary or Tertiary | 15,322 (76.15) | 15,912 (84.68) | |
| Hospital Location | Urban | 16,324 (83.58) | 16,502 (91.91) |
| Rural | 3,208 (16.42) | 1,453 (8.09) | |
| Hospital Ownership | Not for Profit | 13,534 (68.09) | 13,376 (68.83) |
| District | 5,164 (25.98) | 3,671 (18.89) | |
| For Profit | 319 (1.60) | 425 (2.19) | |
| State | 514 (2.59) | 511 (2.49) | |
| Military | 347 (1.75) | 1,478 (7.61) | |
aPercentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. Numbers may not add to total due to missing data.