Table 2. Odds Ratios of Associations Between Intrapartum Epidural Analgesia Use and Individual Variables in Washington State, 2009 .
| Maternal Factors | Adjusted OR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|
| Induced Labor | |
| Induced | Referent |
| Spontaneous | 2.16 (2.06, 2.27) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |
| Did Not Smoke | Referent |
| Smoked | 1.71 (1.59, 1.84) |
| Race | |
| Non-Hispanic White | Referent |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.86 (0.79, 0.95) |
| Hispanic | 0.37 (0.35, 0.40) |
| Asian | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85) |
| Education | |
| High school degree or higher education | Referent |
| No high school degree | 0.55 (0.52, 0.58) |
aAdjusted for maternal age, insurance, and hospital ownership. Robust multivariate logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios and confidence intervals.