Table 3. Sex Differences in ADLs, IADLs, and CES-D by Rater and Proxy Subgroups.

Outcome	Proxy subgroup	Proxy reports		Patient self-reports
		Mean sex difference (male minus female)a	95% CIb	Mean sex difference (Male minus Female)a	95% CIb
ADLsc	Self-rated health
	Poor/fair	0.92	[−1.09, 2.94]	2.43	[0.77, 4.08]
	Good/excellent	0.20	[−0.77, 1.16]	0.25	[−0.62, 1.12]
	Relationship with patient
	Spouse	1.88	[0.16, 3.61]	2.72	[1.25, 4.19]
	Other relative	0.19	[−1.11, 1.49]	−0.09	[−1.29, 1.11]
	Not related	0.48	[−1.89, 2.84]	1.00	[−0.94, 2.94]
	Years living with patient
	0	−0.30	[−2.32, 1.72]	0.93	[−0.89, 2.75]
	<1	0.32	[−2.03, 2.67]	−1.96	[−3.79, −0.13]
	1	0.55	[−0.57, 1.66]	1.02	[0.01, 2.03]
IADLsd	Self-rated health
	Poor/Fair	−0.10	[−1.70, 1.50]	0.18	[−1.39, 1.76]
	Good/excellent	−0.19	[−0.95, 0.57]	−0.26	[−0.93, 0.42]
	Relationship with patient
	Spouse	1.26	[−0.17, 2.68]	0.83	[−0.49, 2.14]
	Other relative	−0.36	[−1.38, 0.66]	−0.46	[−1.36, 0.43]
	Not related	−0.46	[−2.30, 1.38]	0.23	[−1.56, 2.02]
	Years living with patient
	0	0.10	[−1.45, 1.65]	−0.01	[−1.42, 1.41]
	<1	−0.97	[−3.01, 1.07]	−0.38	[−1.94, 1.18]
	≥1	−0.13	[−1.01, 0.74]	−0.23	[−1.04, 0.57]
CES-De	Self-rated health
	Poor/fair	−5.23	[−14.51, 4.05]	−4.68	[−12.16, 2.81]
	Good/excellent	−3.36	[−6.92, 0.20]	−0.54	[−3.69, 2.61]
	Relationship with patient
	Spouse	0.96	[−4.37, 6.29]	−1.10	[−5.71, 3.52]
	Other relative	−2.78	[−8.02, 2.45]	0.47	[−4.22, 5.15]
	Not related	−3.13	[−12.05, 5.79]	3.72	[−3.41, 10.85]
	Years living with patient
	0	−5.42	[−12.74, 1.90]	5.82	[−1.27, 12.91]
	<1	−1.08	[−12.32, 10.16]	−3.52	[−11.04, 4.00]
	≥1	−1.79	[−5.84, 2.26]	−1.67	[−5.07, 1.73]

^aMean among male patients minus mean among female patients.

^bCI = confidence interval.

^cADLs = activities of daily living (range: 0-10).

^dIADLs = instrumental activities of daily living (range: 0-7).

^eCES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (range: 0-60).