Table 1.

Structures and common sources of phytoestrogens found in pasture grasses and other legumes

Group	Subgroup	Examples	Dietary sources	Basic structure
17β-Estradiol	Endogenous estrogen	N/A	N/A
Flavonoids	Flavanones	Eriodictyol, hesperetin, homoeriodictyol, naringenin	Citrus fruits and juices
	Flavones	Apigenin, luteolin, tangeritin	Parsley, celery, capsicum pepper
	Flavonols	Fisetin, kaempferol, myricetin, pachypodol, quercetin, rhamnazin	Kale, broccoli, onions tomatoes, lettuce, apples, grapes, red wine
	Catechins	Proanthocyanides	Chocolate, green tea, beans, apricots, cherries, berries
Isoflavonoids	Isoflavones	Biochanin A, glycitein, daidzein, formononetin, genistein	Soy beans and other legumes
	Isoflavans	Equol	Metabolite of daidzein produced by microflora
	Coumestans	Coumestrol	Clover, alfalfa, spinach

Adapted from elsewhere (7). N/A, Not applicable.