Table 1.

Comparison of kisspeptin-54 pulse parameters assessed by in vivo measurements from ovarian intact (INT), OVX, and E₂-injected OVX prepubertal and pubertal monkeys

Developmental stage	Gonadal status	Lighting condition	n	Mean Release (pg/ml)	IPI (min)	Pulse amplitude (pg/ml)
Prepubertal	INT	Morning	7	2.10 ± 0.50	84.6 ± 4.2	4.58 ± 1.07
		Evening	7	1.81 ± 0.25	80.6 ± 2.7	4.81 ± 0.70
	OVX	Morning	7	2.30 ± 0.37	82.4 ± 2.6	4.95 ± 0.70
		Evening	8	2.12 ± 0.25	83.5 ± 3.6	4.82 ± 0.65
	OVX+E2	Morning	3	2.41 ± 0.16	79.3 ± 3.7	4.81 ± 0.25
Pubertal	INT	Morning	6	3.74 ± 0.69	53.1 ± 2.9a	7.45 ± 0.78b
		Evening	8	5.02 ± 1.28b	49.9 ± 2.7a	15.61 ± 3.97b,c
	OVX	Morning	6	5.59 ± 0.88b,d	50.4 ± 4.5a	16.51 ± 2.73b,d
		Evening	6	9.91 ± 2.10b,c,d	49.0 ± 2.8a	26.83 ± 4.41a,c,d
	OVX+E2	Morning	7	4.51 ± 0.20b,e	53.5 ± 6.0a	11.11 ± 0.69b,e

OVX+E₂ indicates KP-54 release after E₂ injection; data before E₂ injection was not included because it is similar to OVX alone. Values are the mean ± sem.

^aP < 0.01 vs. prepubertal.

^bP < 0.05 vs. prepubertal.

^cP < 0.05 vs. morning.

^dP < 0.05 vs. INT.

^eP < 0.05 vs. before E₂ injection.