Table 1. Characteristics of 15 patients with acute PUUV infection associated with mild or severe acute renal failurea,b.
| Mild acute renal failure (n = 8) | Severe acute renal failure (n = 7) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 38 (25–53) | 35 (22–53) | n.s.c,d |
| Sex (male:female ratio) | 5:3 | 7:0 | n.s.e |
| Fever (>38.5°C) | 8 | 7 | n.s.e |
| Abdominal or loin pain | 7 | 5 | n.s.e |
| Fatigue | 4 | 6 | n.s.e |
| Myalgia | 5 | 4 | n.s.e |
| Hepatitis (ALT >20 U/mL) | 4 | 5 | n.s.e |
| Headache | 4 | 3 | n.s.e |
| Nausea/vomiting | 1 | 5 | 0.041e |
| Conjunctival bleeding | 1 | 2 | n.s.e |
| Purpura | 0 | 2 | n.s.e |
| Highest C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 50 (27–112) | 90 (7–122) | n.s.d |
| Lowest platelet count (x 109/L)b | 113 (26–250) | 34 (18–122) | 0.016d |
| Highest leukocyte count (x 109/L) | 9.9 (8.0–15.3) | 15.1 (12.0–22.7) | 0.029d |
| Lowest serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.22 (1.85–2.27) | 2.02 (1.98–2.21) | 0.029d |
| Hematuria (cells/min) | 10.2 (2.6–27) | 76.4 (21.2–129.0) | 0.009d |
| Leukocyturia (cells/min) | 16.2 (10.4–22) | 41.0 (17.5–191.0) | 0.0017d |
| Proteinuria (>1.5 g/day) | 2 | 4 | n.s.e |
| Tubular cell casts | 1 | 5 | 0.001e |
aPUUV, Puumala virus; mild and severe acute renal failure was defined as serum creatinine <620 µmol/L and >620 µmol/L, respectively; ALT, alanine aminotransferase. bOf all parameters, only thrombocytopenia predicted subsequent severe renal failure. Medians (range) and actual number of patients are given. cn.s., not significant. dMann-Whitney U test. eFisher exact test.